Recent studies have revealed the significant contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction and disrupted energy metabolism to the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Impaired mitochondrial function leads to the accumulation of reactive oxygens species, which contribute to cartilage degradation and chondrocyte apoptosis...Compounds capable of modulating mitochondrial metabolism and improving mitochondrial function, such as nicotinamide riboside and pyrroloquinoline quinone, have also been investigated in the context of osteoarthritis. These compounds promote mitochondrial biogenesis, enhance mitochondrial respiration, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in chondrocytes, ultimately preserving the integrity of the cartilage matrix...