The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical evidence of NR's mitigation of inflammation in humans. We identified 5 clinical trials of oral NR supplementation that measured inflammation. There was substantial heterogeneity in inflammatory endpoints evaluated. NR dose and treatment duration ranged from 1–2 g/day and 5-d– 6-wks, respectively. Participants varied in age (18–78 years) and health status. In one study, NR was given as part of a nutritional cocktail, while NR was the sole intervention in the remaining studies. Of the 3 studies assessing circulating inflammatory markers, two investigated IL-6 and reported significant reductions in its levels with NR treatment, while effects on MCP-1 and TNF-α were inconsistent. NR significantly lowered gene expression of IL-6 and IL-18, but not NLRP3 or IL-1B in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in one study...Preliminary evidence suggests that NR may improve some inflammatory measures, with potential for more robust effects among populations with compromised NAD + and higher inflammation status, e.g., elderly or diseased...